The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

Famously, 1848 was a year of revolutions across Europe that began in France. The Revolution of 1848, or the February Revolution, in France led to the end of the monarchy of King Louis-Philippe I and the establishment of the French Second Republic.

Bonapartists is a term for supporters of Napoleon III and his family. The term is derived from the name for Napoleon III’s family, the Bonapartes.

Generally, the term “bourgeoisie” refers to the middle class. However, Karl Marx uses it to explicitly refer to those in the middle classes who own their own businesses and are not dependent on a wage from an employer.